Factors that cannot be ignored: The influence of heredity, environment, and psychological personality on the three highs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia).

Numerous clinical studies indicate that hypertension is a polygenic inherited condition, with a high concentration of hypertension within families primarily due to genetic factors. 65% of adult siblings of hypertensive patients also have hypertension. If both parents have hypertension, their children living in similar environments have a 46% chance of developing hypertension; if only one parent has hypertension, the probability is 28%; and if both parents have normal blood pressure, the probability is only 3%. In a minority of patients, hyperlipidemia is determined by genetic factors; if there are relatives with the disease within three generations, the probability is higher than others. Type 2 diabetes also has a significant familial tendency, with 25%–50% of diabetic patients having a family history, compared to less than 15% of non-diabetic individuals. Environmental factors play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Overeating, obesity, sedentary work, and lack of exercise can all promote the development of diabetes. Lifestyle diseases refer to common chronic diseases whose occurrence and development are directly related to unhealthy lifestyles. According to data from the 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey, a diet high in energy and fat, coupled with low physical activity, is closely related to overweight, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Personality and psychological factors are also closely related to hypertension. Hypertension was the first cardiovascular disease identified as a "psychosomatic disorder." When people encounter mental stimuli in life and work and are in a state of tension, the cerebral cortex is prone to disorder, and the sympathetic nervous system is excited. The sympathetic nervous system is a type of "tension nerve," and its excitation results in an increased heart rate, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, increased platelet aggregation, increased blood viscosity and coagulability, lipid metabolism disorders, elevated blood lipids, and coronary artery spasm. Long-term and repeated states of tension easily lead to hypertension. The onset of hyperlipidemia and diabetes is also related to mental stress and anxiety. Age has a significant impact on blood pressure. After middle age, blood vessels, like other organs, begin to gradually decline, hardening of the arteries, narrowing of the lumen, and weakening of arterial elasticity, easily leading to increased vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure. From the perspective of hypertension pathogenesis, a large proportion of hypertension cases are caused by increased vascular resistance and decreased elasticity. Smoking is an even greater hazard. Tobacco smoke contains 3,800 chemical substances. Nicotine can cause elevated blood pressure, vasoconstriction, and a decrease in beneficial high-density lipoprotein (HDL) while increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Carbon monoxide damages the endothelial cells of the arterial wall, leading to hypertension. Cigarette smoke contains 40 mg of tar, 3 mg of nicotine, and 30 mg of carbon monoxide. All of these can damage the vascular endothelium. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more readily than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport and causing tissue hypoxia. my country is a major tobacco-producing country, with over 300 million smokers, accounting for about one-third of the world's total smoking population. Among personality and psychological factors, when a person is under stress, myocardial oxygen consumption increases, platelet aggregation increases, and blood viscosity and coagulability increase. Hyperhomocysteinemia, along with hypertension, is one of the two most important factors leading to stroke. Homocysteine ​​is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism. Excessive homocysteine ​​levels in the blood are an independent risk factor for arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Homocysteine ​​participates in oxidative stress, leading to endothelial cell damage, disrupting coagulation factor II and fibrinolysis processes in the blood, and ultimately resulting in thrombosis. Studies have shown that for every 5 mmol/L increase in blood homocysteine, the risk of coronary heart disease increases by 33% and the risk of stroke increases by 59%.