In-depth analysis of the symptoms and causes of high blood sugar
I. What is Hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia is defined as a fasting blood glucose level (when no food has been ingested within 8 hours) higher than the normal range. The normal fasting blood glucose level is 4.0–6.1 mmol/L. A blood glucose level two hours after a meal that is higher than the normal range (7.8 mmol/L) can also be considered hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is not a disease diagnosis, but rather a judgment based on blood glucose monitoring results. Blood glucose monitoring is a temporary result, so an occasional high blood glucose test does not necessarily equate to diabetes.
The typical symptoms of diabetes are the "three highs and one low"—polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, and fatigue. The World Health Organization (WHO) established the diagnostic criteria for diabetes in 1999 based on venous plasma glucose.
II. How Does Hyperglycemia Occur?
(1) Occasional Hyperglycemia: If a large amount of sweets is consumed before a blood glucose test, a high blood glucose result will naturally occur. Therefore, if a high blood glucose test is positive, do not worry excessively. Check your blood glucose again after a period of time.
(2) Unhealthy lifestyle habits: Many young people today prefer fast food and dislike vegetables and fruits. Prolonged unhealthy eating habits can lead to high blood sugar.
(3) Obesity: Currently, Body Mass Index (BMI) is used clinically for evaluation: <18.5 kg/m² is underweight, 18.5–23.9 kg/m² is within the normal range, ≥24 kg/m² is overweight, and ≥28 kg/m² is obese. Obesity is closely related to high blood sugar, high blood lipids, and diabetes. Surveys show that obese people, especially those with abdominal obesity, are 4–5 times more likely to have high blood sugar than people of normal weight.
(4) After ruling out the above-mentioned causes of high blood sugar, high blood sugar is very likely an early symptom of diabetes. Currently, the population with diabetes is getting younger and younger, and even childhood diabetes is appearing. Therefore, it is crucial for diabetic patients to understand that high blood sugar should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
(5) Genetic factors can also lead to high blood sugar.
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