A Comprehensive Analysis of Diabetes Types: Blood Glucose Management from Type 1 to Pregnancy
Classification of Diabetes:
Types of diabetes include: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other types of diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes: Also known as juvenile-onset diabetes. This is because it often develops before the age of 35 and accounts for less than 10% of all diabetes cases. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin treatment, meaning patients need insulin therapy from the onset of the disease and cannot stop using it for life. This is because the pancreatic cells that produce insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes are completely damaged, thus losing their ability to produce insulin. Insulin deficiency leads to persistently high blood sugar levels, resulting in diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes: Also known as adult-onset diabetes, it mostly develops after the age of 35-40 and accounts for more than 90% of diabetes cases. Patients with type 2 diabetes do not completely lose their ability to produce insulin; some even produce too much insulin, but the effectiveness of insulin is greatly reduced. Therefore, these patients are in a state of relative insulin deficiency. These patients can stimulate insulin secretion with certain oral medications, but some still require insulin therapy like those with type 1 diabetes in later stages.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to diabetes that develops in women during pregnancy. Clinical data shows that 2% to 3% of women develop diabetes during pregnancy, and the diabetes usually resolves spontaneously after conception. Gestational diabetes is more likely to occur in obese women and older mothers, and nearly 30% of cases may develop into type 2 diabetes later in life.
Other Types of Diabetes
Other types of diabetes include a range of diabetes with relatively clear causes or secondary causes; these are relatively rare.
Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes
Early-stage diabetes often presents with no obvious symptoms and is only detected through blood and urine tests. The following typical symptoms usually indicate that the disease has progressed to the middle or late stages:
Thirst and Frequent Urination
When the kidneys attempt to excrete sugar from the blood, increased urination frequency and volume result in foamy urine with a sweet and sour odor. Increased urination leads to dehydration, causing dry mouth and requiring frequent fluid intake. Sometimes, extreme thirst may occur at night, leading to waking up to drink water.
Excessive Hunger:Because the body cannot convert glucose into energy, it lacks the energy necessary to maintain basic functions, leading to frequent hunger and increased appetite.
Weight Loss:Most glucose is excreted in urine, and tissue cells cannot utilize and store energy. Despite increased food intake, patients experience weight loss.
Fatigue: Even without physical labor or exercise, patients often experience unexplained fatigue, weakness, lethargy, dizziness, drowsiness, and lower back and leg pain.
Other Symptoms:High blood sugar can cause symptoms such as itchy skin, decreased vision, menstrual irregularities in women, and impotence in men.
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