Guidelines for Managing Adverse Reactions to Antihypertensive Drugs: Safe Handling and Adjustment of Medical Treatment

How to deal with adverse reactions to antihypertensive drugs: The probability of adverse reactions from long-term use of antihypertensive drugs is relatively low, and the harm caused by adverse reactions is much less than the harm caused by hypertension itself. Therefore, you should not refuse to take antihypertensive drugs out of fear of adverse reactions.

Generally, adverse reactions often occur within the first two weeks of taking the medication. Most people can gradually adapt. If no adverse reactions occur in the first few months of taking the medication, they generally will not occur later. Therefore, patients should not arbitrarily change their antihypertensive drugs after starting medication.

If a dry cough occurs, patients with mild symptoms can adapt for one week. If it cannot be tolerated, ACE inhibitors can be switched to ARBs.

If ankle edema occurs, patients can take ACE inhibitors to counteract the adverse reactions, depending on their blood pressure. This usually yields good results.

If facial flushing and headache occur, observe for one week; they usually subside naturally.

If gingival hyperplasia occurs, first improve oral hygiene. If it does not relieve the symptoms, you can switch to other types of antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of a doctor.

If a slowed heart rate occurs, the dosage of beta-blockers can be reduced. Generally, a resting heart rate of no less than 55 beats per minute is ideal.

If hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or other electrolyte imbalances occur, monitor kidney function and blood electrolytes, and supplement or reduce medication intake as needed.

Many antihypertensive drugs that cause adverse reactions such as gynecomastia, nasal congestion, and depression in men are not first-line antihypertensive drugs. It is recommended to primarily use first-line antihypertensive drugs to avoid unnecessary adverse reactions.

In short, do not panic if you experience adverse reactions to antihypertensive medication. Seek medical attention promptly so your doctor can help adjust the type or dosage of medication. Do not adjust or discontinue medication on your own.