High blood pressure has many serious complications: from heart disease and stroke to kidney failure.
Multiple complications of hypertension: 1. Coronary heart disease. Long-term hypertension can promote the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Coronary atherosclerosis can block or narrow the lumen of blood vessels, or cause myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and necrosis due to functional changes in the coronary arteries, leading to coronary heart disease. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the most common type of organ damage caused by atherosclerosis and a common disease that seriously endangers human health.
Cerebrovascular disease. Cerebrovascular accident, also known as stroke, is a sudden and severe illness with an extremely high mortality rate, making it the most fatal type of acute cerebrovascular disease. The higher the blood pressure in hypertensive patients, the higher the incidence of stroke. When the cerebral arteriosclerosis in hypertensive patients reaches a certain level, sudden excitement or over-excitement can cause a rapid increase in blood pressure, leading to rupture of cerebral blood vessels and bleeding into the surrounding brain tissue, resulting in a stroke.
Hypertensive heart disease. The main cardiac changes in hypertensive patients are left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Hypertension leading to cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement is called hypertensive heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease is an inevitable consequence of long-term uncontrolled hypertension, and ultimately, patients may face life-threatening conditions due to cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
Hypertensive encephalopathy. It mainly occurs in patients with severe hypertension. Because excessively high blood pressure exceeds the brain's autoregulatory range for blood flow, cerebral edema occurs due to excessive blood perfusion to the brain tissue. Clinically, it is characterized by symptoms and signs of encephalopathy, manifesting as diffuse severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, mental confusion, and in severe cases, even coma and seizures.
Kidney failure. Hypertension also severely damages the kidneys, with approximately 10% of cases involving both hypertension and kidney failure. Furthermore, hypertension and kidney damage can influence each other, creating a vicious cycle. On one hand, hypertension causes kidney damage; on the other hand, kidney damage worsens hypertension. Generally, in the middle and late stages of hypertension, renal arterioles harden, renal blood flow decreases, and the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine declines, leading to polyuria and increased nocturia. Rapidly progressing hypertension can cause widespread diffuse renal arteriosclerosis, resulting in malignant renal arteriosclerosis and rapidly developing into uremia.
Hypertensive crisis. It can occur in both the early and late stages of hypertension. Triggers such as stress, fatigue, cold, or sudden discontinuation of antihypertensive medication can cause severe spasms in the small arteries, leading to a rapid rise in blood pressure. During a hypertensive crisis, severe symptoms may include headache, irritability, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, shortness of breath, and blurred vision.
The health hazards of high blood sugar: 1. Damage to the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular complications are the most fatal complications of diabetes and its greatest danger. 2. Damage to the kidneys. Due to elevated blood sugar, diabetic patients may develop peripheral vascular disease, leading to decreased sensitivity of local tissues to damaging factors and insufficient blood perfusion. This makes them more prone to local tissue ulcers when damaged by external factors or infected, with the feet being the most common site of this risk. 4. Damage to the nerves.
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