Analysis of the hazards, sources, and influencing factors of elevated blood triglycerides
What are the effects of elevated triglycerides on the human body?
TG levels are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are related to race, age, gender, and lifestyle habits (such as diet and exercise). Unlike TC, TG levels vary considerably both within and between individuals. Even in the same person, TG levels can differ significantly depending on diet and the time of day.
Therefore, when triglycerides (TG) are significantly elevated ≥5.65 mmol/L (500 mg/dL), treatment for hyperlipidemia primarily focuses on lowering triglycerides.
What are the sources of blood lipids?
Cholesterol has two main sources: internal and dietary. The liver and other cells in the body produce 75% of blood cholesterol, while the remaining 25% comes from ingested food. Under normal circumstances, cholesterol levels remain stable.
Undoubtedly, besides genetic factors, diet affects blood lipid levels. Increased dietary cholesterol intake leads to higher blood cholesterol levels.
Relatively speaking, HDL-C levels are more significantly influenced by genetic factors. Severe malnutrition, accompanied by a marked decrease in plasma total cholesterol (TC), also results in low HDL-C. Obese individuals often have low HDL-C levels. Smoking can lower HDL-C; while light to moderate alcohol consumption and physical activity can raise HDL-C. Disease states such as diabetes, hepatitis, and cirrhosis can be accompanied by low HDL-C. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia often have low HDL-C.
Secondary or genetic factors can increase TG levels, but clinically, most cases of elevated serum TG are primarily seen in diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
What factors affect cholesterol digestion and absorption?
Dietary fat promotes the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Conversely, a low-fat diet reduces cholesterol absorption. Plant-based foods contain phytosterols, whose structure is similar to cholesterol but is not easily utilized by the body. Excessive intake can inhibit cholesterol absorption. Drugs have been developed abroad to reduce cholesterol absorption.
What factors affect cholesterol synthesis?
Starvation and fasting can inhibit liver cholesterol synthesis. After a large meal, or after consuming foods high in sugar and saturated fatty acids, the liver synthesizes cholesterol at a faster rate. Therefore, we can see that malnourished and extremely thin people tend to have lower cholesterol levels.
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