Guidelines for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Children: Scientific Management of Blood Glucose and Weight

How to prevent type 2 diabetes in children: Early detection and intervention of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in obese children can prevent and delay the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes. Ultimately, it's about actively preventing childhood obesity. The ideal prevention plan for childhood obesity should begin in infancy, even from the neonatal period and late pregnancy; prevention is more important and more effective than treatment.

Obesity is a chronic, recurrent disease requiring long-term treatment. Numerous studies have shown that even a weight loss of 1000 grams can bring health benefits. The goal of treatment is not only to control weight, but more importantly, to cultivate good eating and exercise habits and develop a healthy lifestyle, which will benefit children throughout their lives.

Provide a balanced diet. Dietary management should, while restricting calories, ensure an appropriate ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, and an adequate supply of minerals and vitamins to meet the basic nutritional and growth needs of children. Choose foods wisely, encouraging the consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, paying attention to both nutritional content and satiety. Avoid high-fat foods such as nuts like peanuts and sunflower seeds, as well as desserts and sugary drinks. Cooking methods should primarily involve boiling, stewing, and cold dishes, with a focus on light flavors.

Choose appropriate exercises based on age and physical condition, progressing gradually and regularly, making exercise an important part of daily life. Consistency is key to effectiveness. Encourage patients to exercise daily, such as walking, jogging, climbing stairs, or using walking instead of driving. One hour of exercise daily, burning an average of approximately 1463 kilojoules, is ideal.

Furthermore, encourage older children to keep a dietary record, encouraging their initiative in establishing good eating habits and building determination and confidence in treatment. Family support and encouragement are crucial for effective dietary control. Weight-loss drugs are not recommended for treating childhood obesity.

Patients who have reached moderate to severe obesity and have acanthosis nigricans (as if the skin has not been washed clean) in skin folds such as the neck, armpits, and groin, especially those with a family history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc., should go to the hospital for examination in time to determine whether they have any of the above-mentioned obesity-related diseases and to rule out other causes such as brain and adrenal tumors, so as to receive timely treatment.