Scientific Blood Sugar Control and Prevention of Complications: A Guide to Kidney and Eye Protection for Diabetic Patients
Diabetic patients have weakened resistance to infections and are prone to pyelonephritis, which can worsen kidney damage. Therefore, it is crucial to actively prevent and treat urinary tract infections.
Avoid nephrotoxic medications. Some medications can damage the kidneys and should be avoided as much as possible, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin and amikacin.
Avoid hypoglycemic drugs that may worsen kidney damage. Most sulfonylureas and biguanides are not suitable for patients with significant diabetic nephropathy. Patients who have reached the clinical proteinuria stage of diabetic nephropathy can be treated with glimepiride; patients who have reached the azotemia stage can only be treated with insulin.
Adhere to a low-salt diet. Adhere to a low-salt diet to reduce high blood pressure and edema. If kidney function is already impaired, protein intake should be controlled at 0.5–0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Choose proteins with high bioavailability, such as milk and eggs.
Using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors have a protective effect on the kidneys, reducing intraglomerular pressure, decreasing proteinuria, preventing thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and lowering blood pressure.
Prevention of diabetic retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes, which can cause vision loss or even blindness. Therefore, preventing diabetic retinopathy is very important. Specific preventive measures include:
(1) Maintaining blood sugar levels as normal or near normal as possible, and controlling blood pressure and blood lipids within the normal range.
(2) Diabetic patients should quit smoking and drinking alcohol.
(3) Diabetic patients should seek medical attention as soon as possible if they experience vision changes.
(4) Those with existing diabetic retinopathy should avoid strenuous exercise and activities such as diving.
(5) Regular eye examinations at the hospital.
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